Health Insurance Startup Collapses In Iowa
January 14, 2015 3:16 AM ET - NPR
It was a heck of a Christmas for David Fairchild and his wife, Clara
Peterson. They found out they were about to lose their new health insurance.
"Clara was listening to the news on Iowa Public Radio and that's how we found
out," Fairchild says. They went to their health plan's website that night. "No
information. We still haven't gotten a letter about it from them."
The two are the sole employees of a cleaning service and work nights.
Fairchild has chronic leukemia but treats it with expensive medicine. Last year
they saved hundreds of dollars switching from the insurer Wellmark to a plan run
by CoOportunity Health. For the first time in a long time, Fairchild says, they
felt like they had room to breathe.
"Basically it covered our office visits; covered exams," he says. "It covered
all but $40 of the medicine every four weeks. It was just marvelous. It probably
was too good to be true."
It was for them. CoOportunity Health has
failed. The Affordable Care Act set
aside funding for health care co-ops, to enable the organizations to compete
in places where there aren't many insurers. CoOportunity Health was the second-
largest co-op in the country in terms of membership, and one of the largest
in terms of the federal
funding it received.
But then CoOportunity hit a kind of perfect storm, says Peter
Damiano, director of the University of Iowa's public policy center. First,
the co-op had to pay a lot more medical bills than those in charge expected.
"CoOportunity Health's pool of people was larger than expected, was sicker
than expected," Damiano says. "So their risk became much greater than the funds
that were available."
The reason the co-op's customers were sicker has a lot to do with what the
insurance market looked like in Iowa before Obamacare. The largest insurer by
far in the state was and still is Wellmark. But Wellmark decided not to offer
any plans on Iowa's health exchange, leaving just CoOportunity and one other
insurer — Coventry — offering plans on the exchange throughout the state.
On top of that, when the Obama administration in late 2013 allowed people to
keep the insurance plan they already had, many customers happy with Wellmark
stayed put. Damiano says this meant many of the customers who flocked to
CoOportunity tended to be like Fairchild — people with expensive health problems
who'd had trouble paying for insurance before, in the market Wellmark
dominated.
Iowa Insurance Commissioner Nick Gerhart urges clients of
CoOportunity Health to move their coverage to another carrier as soon as
possible.
Clay Masters/Iowa
Public Radio
"It was always going to be a challenging market to try to reach," says
Damiano, "and on top of that, the whole idea of co-ops was relatively new and
experimental. But it was to try to create competition, on that private sector
approach," says Damiano.
Not only were the patients sicker, but CoOportunity's leaders initially
thought they would enroll about
12,000 people in Iowa and Nebraska. They got about 10 times that, according
to Nick Gerhart, Iowa's
insurance commissioner.
Also, Gerhart says, the co-op thought it was going to get more federal
money.
"On Dec. 16 around 4 o'clock we were informed they weren't going to get any
further funding," he says. "Nothing was pulled — it just wasn't extended
further."
Gerhart is now essentially the CEO of the co-op because the state has taken
it over. He likens the situation to a small business suddenly having its credit
shut off by the bank. Even though CoOportunity is not officially dead yet,
Gerhart is telling its customers to switch insurers.
He says it's too early to make predictions about the fate for all co-ops.
"Ours was the second-largest in the country, so you've got to look at it that
way," Gerhart says. "If the second-largest can't make it, how viable are the
other ones? I don't know. But at the end of the day they didn't have enough
capital to support 120,000 members."
In a written
statement, Dr. Martin Hickey, chairman of the board of the National Alliance
of State Health Co-Ops, said, "The news about CoOportunity Health is not a
statement on the health insurance co-op program or the co-op concept. It's a
reflection on the fact that all insurers — not just co-ops — are operating in
unique markets with unique business plans and varying state regulations. The
circumstances for CoOportunity Health in Iowa are not the same as those in the
23 other states in which co-ops are currently operating."
But the co-op's failure in Iowa has left Fairchild and Peterson scratching
their heads.
"I mean the whole Affordable Care Act is [about] competition between
insurance companies, and now we're back down to what?" says Peterson.
For them, only one option: Coventry. They've already applied through
HealthCare.gov and now they're now waiting for approval for a plan that will
cover a lot less of Fairchild's medicine expenses.
This story is part of a partnership between NPR and Kaiser
Health News.